This is a list of

invasive species An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species ad ...

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

. The species tagged with a cross (†) have the legal status of invasive species (Decreto-Lei n.º 565/99 de 21 de Dezembro). The remaining are considered invasive by investigators in Portugal. The species tagged with an "M" are classified as invasive only in

Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...

Invertebrates

* ''

Adelges piceae Balsam woolly adelgids (''Adelges piceae'') are small wingless insects that infest and kill firs, especially balsam fir and Fraser fir. They are an invasive species from Europe introduced to the United States around 1900. Because this specie ...

'' (balsam woolly adelgid) * '' Aleurodicus dispersus'' (spiralling whitefly) * '' Anguillicoloides crassus'' (swim bladder worm) * ''

Aphis spiraecola ''Aphis spiraecola'' is a species of aphid described in 1914 by Edith Marion Patch. Its common names include green citrus aphid, Spirea aphid, and apple aphid. It is distributed worldwide, and is most abundant in the United States. It has a dip ...

'' (Spirea aphid) * ''

Ceratitis capitata ''Ceratitis capitata'', commonly known as the Mediterranean fruit fly or medfly, is a yellow-and-brown fly native to sub-Saharan Africa. It has no near relatives in the Western Hemisphere and is considered to be one of the most destructive frui ...

'' (Mediterranean fruit fly) * '' Chilo suppressalis'' (striped rice stem borer) * '' Cinara cupressi'' (Cypress aphid) * ''

Corbicula fluminea ''Corbicula fluminea'' is a species of freshwater clam native to eastern Asia which has become a successful invasive species throughout North America, South America, and Europe. ''Corbicula fluminea'' is commonly known in the west as the Asian cl ...

'' (Asian clam)(†) * ''

Cryptotermes brevis ''Cryptotermes brevis'' is a species of termite in the family Kalotermitidae, commonly known as the West Indian drywood termite or the powderpost termite. It is able to live completely inside timber structures or articles made of wood such as f ...

'' (powderpost termite) * ''Ctenarytaina eucalypti'' (blue gum psyllid) * '' Deroceras invadens'' (tramp slug) * '' Elminius modestus'' (Australasian barnacle) * ''

Eriocheir sinensis The Chinese mitten crab ('; , "big sluice crab"), also known as the Shanghai hairy crab (, p ''Shànghǎi máoxiè''), is a medium-sized burrowing crab that is named for its furry claws, which resemble mittens. It is native to rive ...

'' (Chinese mitten crab)(†) * ''

Frankliniella occidentalis The western flower thrips 'Frankliniella occidentalis'' (Pergande)is an invasive pest insect in agriculture. This species of thrips is native to the Southwestern United States but has spread to other continents, including Europe, Australia (w ...

'' (western flower thrips) * ''

Globodera rostochiensis ''Globodera rostochiensis'', commonly known as the golden nematode, golden eelworm or yellow potato cyst nematode, is a plant pathogenic nematode. It is a pest of plants in the family Solanaceae, primarily infesting potatoes and tomatoes, as well ...

'' (yellow potato cyst nematode) * ''

Icerya purchasi ''Icerya purchasi'' ( common name: cottony cushion scale) is a scale insect that feeds on more than 80 families of woody plants, most notably on ''Citrus'' and ''Pittosporum''. Originally described in 1878 from specimens collected in New Zealand ...

'' (cottony cushion scale) * ''

Leptinotarsa decemlineata The Colorado potato beetle (''Leptinotarsa decemlineata''), also known as the Colorado beetle, the ten-striped spearman, the ten-lined potato beetle, or the potato bug, is a major pest of potato crops. It is about long, with a bright yellow/o ...

'' (Colorado potato beetle)(†) * ''

Linepithema humile The Argentine ant (''Linepithema humile''), formerly ''Iridomyrmex humilis'', is an ant native to northern Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia and southern Brazil. It is an invasive species that has been established in many Mediterranean climat ...

'' (Argentine ant)(†) * ''

Lumbricus terrestris ''Lumbricus terrestris'' or the ''common earthworm'' is a large, reddish worm species thought to be native to Western Europe, now widely distributed around the world (along with several other lumbricids). In some areas where it is an introduce ...

'' (common earthworm) * '' Lysiphlebus testaceipes''(†) * '' Opogona sacchari'' (banana moth) * '' Pacifastacus leniusculus'' (signal crayfish)(†) * '' Paratrechina longicornis'' (longhorn crazy ant) * '' Phoracantha semipunctata'' (Australian Eucalyptus longhorn)(†) *''

Popillia japonica The Japanese beetle (''Popillia japonica'') is a species of scarab beetle. The adult measures in length and in width, has iridescent copper-colored elytra and a green thorax and head. It is not very destructive in Japan (where it is control ...

'' (Japanese beetle) * ''

Potamopyrgus antipodarum The New Zealand mud snail (''Potamopyrgus antipodarum'') is a species of very small freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum. This aquatic gastropod mollusk is in the family Tateidae. It is native to New Zealand, where it is found through ...

'' (New Zealand mud snail)(†) * ''

Procambarus clarkii ''Procambarus clarkii'', known variously as the red swamp crayfish, Louisiana crawfish or mudbug, is a species of cambarid crayfish native to freshwater bodies of northern Mexico, and southern and southeastern United States, but also introduc ...

'' (red swamp crawfish)(†) * ''

Styela clava ''Styela clava'' is a solitary, subtidal ascidian tunicate. It has a variety of common names such as the stalked sea squirt, clubbed tunicate, Asian tunicate, leathery sea squirt, or rough sea squirt. As its common names suggest, ''S. clava'' is ...

'' (Asian tunicate) * '' Thaumastocoris peregrinus'' (bronze bug) * ''Tricellaria inopinata'' * '' Vespa velutina nigrithorax'' (Yellow-legged Asian hornet)

Amphibians

* ''

Bufo marinus The cane toad (''Rhinella marina''), also known as the giant neotropical toad or marine toad, is a large, terrestrial true toad native to South and mainland Central America, but which has been introduced to various islands throughout Oceania ...

'' (†) * ''

Lithobates catesbeianus The American bullfrog (''Lithobates catesbeianus''), often simply known as the bullfrog in Canada and the United States, is a large true frog native to eastern North America. It typically inhabits large permanent water bodies such as swamps, po ...

'' (†) * ''

Rana ridibunda The marsh frog (''Pelophylax ridibundus'') is a species of water frog native to Europe and parts of western Asia. Description The marsh frog is the largest type of frog in most of its range, with males growing to a size around 100 mm (3.9 ...

'' (†) * ''

Xenopus laevis The African clawed frog (''Xenopus laevis'', also known as the xenopus, African clawed toad, African claw-toed frog or the ''platanna'') is a species of African aquatic frog of the family Pipidae. Its name is derived from the three short claws ...

'' (†)

Reptiles

* ''

Chamaeleo chamaeleon ''Chamaeleo'' is a genus of chameleons in the family Chamaeleonidae. Most species of the genus ''Chamaeleo'' are found in sub-Saharan Africa, but a few species are also present in northern Africa, southern Europe, and southern Asia east to Indi ...

'' (common chameleon) (†) * ''

Chelydra serpentina The common snapping turtle (''Chelydra serpentina'') is a species of large freshwater turtle in the family Chelydridae. Its natural range extends from southeastern Canada, southwest to the edge of the Rocky Mountains, as far east as Nova Scotia a ...

'' (†) * ''

Chrysemys picta The painted turtle (''Chrysemys picta'') is the most widespread native turtle of North America. It lives in slow-moving fresh waters, from southern Canada to northern Mexico, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. They have been shown to prefer l ...

'' (†) * '' Graptemys spp.'' (†) * '' Hemidactylus mabouia '' (†) (''M'') * '' Macroclemys temminckii'' (†) * '' Pseudemys spp.'' (†) * ''

Ramphotyphlops braminus ''Indotyphlops braminus'', commonly known as the brahminy blind snake and other names, is a non-venomous blind snake species found mostly in Africa and Asia, but has been introduced in many other parts of the world. They are completely fossori ...

'' (†) (''M'') * ''

Tarentola mauritanica ''Tarentola mauritanica'', known as the common wall gecko, is a species of gecko ( Gekkota) native to the western Mediterranean area of North Africa and Europe. It has been introduced to Madeira and Balearic Islands, and the Americas (in Mont ...

'' (†) (''M'') * '' Lacerta dugesii'' (Madeiran wall lizard)(†) * '' Lampropeltis getula ssp. californiae'' (†) (''M'') * '' Trachemys spp.'' (†)

Fish

* ''

Ameiurus melas The black bullhead or black bullhead catfish (''Ameiurus melas'') is a species of bullhead catfish. Like other bullhead catfish, it has the ability to thrive in waters that are low in oxygen, brackish, turbid and/or very warm. It also has barbels ...

'' (black bullhead)(†) * ''Australoheros facetus'' (chameleon cichlid)(†) * ''

Carassius auratus The goldfish (''Carassius auratus'') is a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. It is commonly kept as a pet in indoor aquariums, and is one of the most popular aquarium fish. Goldfish released into the wild have ...

'' (goldfish)(†) * ''

Cyprinus carpio The Eurasian carp or European carp (''Cyprinus carpio''), widely known as the common carp, is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes and large rivers in Europe and Asia.Fishbase''Cyprinus carpio'' Linnaeus, 1758/ref>Arkive The ...

'' (common carp)(†) * ''

Esox lucius The northern pike (''Esox lucius'') is a species of carnivorous fish of the genus ''Esox'' (the pikes). They are typical of brackish and fresh waters of the Northern Hemisphere (''i.e.'' holarctic in distribution). They are known simply as a p ...

'' (northern pike)(†) * ''

Fundulus heteroclitus The mummichog (''Fundulus heteroclitus'') is a small killifish found along the Atlantic coast of the United States and Canada. Also known as Atlantic killifish, mummies, gudgeons, and mud minnows, these fish inhabit brackish and coastal waters in ...

'' (mummichog)(†) * ''

Gambusia holbrooki The eastern mosquitofish (''Gambusia holbrooki'') is a species of freshwater fish, closely related to the western mosquitofish, ''Gambusia affinis''. It is a member of the family Poeciliidae of order Cyprinodontiformes. The eastern mosquitofish ...

'' (eastern mosquitofish)(†) * ''

Gobio gobio ''Gobio gobio'', or the gudgeon, is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae. This small fish is widely distributed in fresh-water streams and lakes across central and temperate Eurasia. The gudgeon inhabits various fresh-water habitats with ...

'' (gudgeon)(†) * ''

Lepomis gibbosus The pumpkinseed (''Lepomis gibbosus''), also referred to as pond perch, common sunfish, punkie, sunfish, sunny, and kivver, is a small/medium-sized North American freshwater fish of the genus ''Lepomis'' (true sunfishes), from family Centrarchi ...

'' (pumpkinseed)(†) * ''

Micropterus salmoides The largemouth bass (''Micropterus salmoides'') is a carnivorous freshwater gamefish in the Centrarchidae (Centrarchidae, sunfish) family (biology), family, a species of black bass native to the eastern and central United States, southeastern ...

'' (largemouth bass)(†) * ''

Oncorhynchus mykiss The rainbow trout (''Oncorhynchus mykiss'') is a species of trout native to cold-water tributaries of the Pacific Ocean in Asia and North America. The steelhead (sometimes called "steelhead trout") is an anadromous (sea-run) form of the coastal ...

'' (rainbow trout)(†) * ''

Sander lucioperca The zander (''Sander lucioperca''), sander or pikeperch, is a species of ray-finned fish from the family Percidae, which includes the perches, ruffes and darters. It is found in freshwater and brackish habitats in western Eurasia. It is a popul ...

'' (Sander lucioperca)(†)

Birds

Source:Matias, R. 2002. "Aves Exóticas que Nidificam em Portugal Continental". Ed. do Instituto de Conservação da Natureza. Lisboa. 110p

/ref> Family

Anatidae The Anatidae are the biological family of water birds that includes ducks, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents except Antarctica. These birds are adapted for swimming, floating ...

: * ''

Oxyura jamaicensis The ruddy duck (''Oxyura jamaicensis'') is a duck from North America and one of the stiff-tailed ducks. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''oxus'', "sharp", and ''oura'', "tail", and ''jamaicensis'' is "from Jamaica". Taxonomy The r ...

'' Family

Columbidae Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

: * '' Columbina passerina''(†) Family

Estrildidae Estrildidae, or estrildid finches, is a family of small seed-eating passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They comprise species commonly known as munias, mannikins, firefinches, parrotfinches and waxbills. Despite the word "fi ...

: * '' Amadina fasciata''(†) * '' Amandava amandava''(†) * '' Amandava subflava''(†) * '' Estrilda astrild''(†) * '' Estrilda melpoda''(†) * '' Estrilda troglodytes''(†) * '' Lonchura cantans''(†) * '' Lonchura maja''(†) * ''

Lonchura malacca The tricoloured munia (''Lonchura malacca'') is an estrildid finch, native to Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and southern China. The species has also introduced to the Caribbean, in Trinidad, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Cuba, an ...

''(†) * '' Taeniopygia castanotis''(†) Family

Phasianidae The Phasianidae are a family (biology), family of heavy, ground-living birds, which includes pheasants, partridges, junglefowl, chickens, Turkey bird, turkeys, Old World quail, and peafowl. The family includes many of the most popular Game (hunti ...

: * '' Francolinus francolinus''(†) * ''

Phasianus colchicus The common pheasant (''Phasianus colchicus'') is a bird in the pheasant family (Phasianidae). The genus name comes from Latin ''phasianus'', "pheasant". The species name ''colchicus'' is Latin for "of Colchis" (modern day Georgia), a country on ...

''(†) Family

Ploceidae Ploceidae is a family of small passerine birds, many of which are called weavers, weaverbirds, weaver finches and bishops. These names come from the nests of intricately woven vegetation created by birds in this family. In most recent classifica ...

: * ''

Euplectes afer The yellow-crowned bishop (''Euplectes afer'') is a species of passerine bird in the family Ploceidae native to Africa south of the Sahara. It is highly sexually dimorphic in its breeding season, during which the male adopts a distinctive yellow ...

''(†) * '' Euplectes franciscanus''(†) * '' Euplectes hordeaceus''(†) * '' Euplectes orix''(†) * '' Ploceus cucullatus''(†) * ''

Ploceus melanocephalus The black-headed weaver (''Ploceus melanocephalus''), also known as yellow-backed weaver, is a species of bird in the family Ploceidae. Taxonomy and systematics ''P. victoriae'' Ash, 1986 is now thought to be a hybrid between ''P. melanoceph ...

''(†) * ''

Quelea quelea The red-billed quelea (; ''Quelea quelea''), also known as the red-billed weaver or red-billed dioch, is a small—approximately long and weighing —migratory, sparrow-like bird of the weaver family, Ploceidae, native to Sub-Saharan Africa. ...

''(†) Family

Psittacidae The family Psittacidae or holotropical parrots is one of three families of true parrots. It comprises the roughly 10 species of subfamily Psittacinae (the Old World or Afrotropical parrots) and 157 of subfamily Arinae (the New World or Neotropic ...

: * ''

Myiopsitta monachus The monk parakeet (''Myiopsitta monachus''), also known as the Quaker parrot, is a species of true parrot in the family Psittacidae. It is a small, bright-green parrot with a greyish breast and greenish-yellow abdomen. Its average lifespan is 20 ...

''(†) * ''

Psittacula krameri The rose-ringed parakeet (''Psittacula krameri''), also known as the ring-necked parakeet (more commonly known as the Indian ringneck parrot), is a medium-sized parrot in the genus Psittacula, of the family Psittacidae. It has disjunct native ran ...

''(†)

Mammals

* ''

Ammotragus lervia The Barbary sheep (''Ammotragus lervia''), also known as aoudad (pronounced �ɑʊdæd is a species of caprine native to rocky mountains in North Africa. While this is the only species in genus ''Ammotragus'', six subspecies have been describe ...

'' (†) * ''

Callosciurus erythraeus Pallas's squirrel (''Callosciurus erythraeus''), also known as the red-bellied tree squirrel, is a species of squirrel native to Greater China, India, and Southeast Asia. Description Pallas's squirrel is a medium-sized tree squirrel, with a ...

'' (†) * ''

Capra hircus The goat or domestic goat (''Capra hircus'') is a domesticated species of Caprinae, goat-antelope typically kept as livestock. It was domesticated from the wild goat (''C. aegagrus'') of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a membe ...

'' (†) (''M'') * ''

Castor canadensis The North American beaver (''Castor canadensis'') is one of two extant beaver species, along with the Eurasian beaver (''Castor fiber''). It is native to North America and introduced in South America (Patagonia) and Europe (primarily Finland ...

'' (†) * '' Erinaceus spp.'' (†) (''M'') * '' Felis silvestris f. catus'' (†) * * ''

Herpestes javanicus The Javan mongoose (''Urva javanica'') is a mongoose species native to Southeast Asia. Taxonomy ''Ichneumon javanicus'' was the scientific name proposed by Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in 1818. It was later classified in the genus ''Herpestes ...

'' (†) * '' Hystrix cristata'' (†) * '' Muntiacus reevesi'' (†) * ''

Mus musculus Mus or MUS may refer to: Abbreviations * MUS, the NATO country code for Mauritius * MUS, the IATA airport code for Minami Torishima Airport * MUS, abbreviation for the Centre for Modern Urban Studies on Campus The Hague, Leiden University, Neth ...

'' (†) (''M'') * '' Mus domesticus'' (†) (''M'') * '' Mustela spp.'' (†) (''M'') ** '' Mustela furo'' (ferret) * ''

Myocastor coypus The nutria (''Myocastor coypus''), also known as the coypu, is a large, herbivorous, semiaquatic rodent. Classified for a long time as the only member of the family Myocastoridae, ''Myocastor'' is now included within Echimyidae, the family of t ...

'' (†) * ''

Nasua nasua The South American coati (''Nasua nasua''), also known as the ring-tailed coati, is a coati species and a member of the raccoon family ( Procyonidae), found in the tropical and subtropical parts of South America. An adult generally weighs from ...

'' (†) * '' Neogale vison'' (American mink) (†) * '' Nyctereutes procyonoides'' (†) * ''

Ondatra zibethicus The muskrat (''Ondatra zibethicus'') is a medium-sized semiaquatic rodent native to North America and an introduced species in parts of Europe, Asia, and South America. The muskrat is found in wetlands over a wide range of climates and habitat ...

'' (†) * ''

Oryctolagus cuniculus The European rabbit (''Oryctolagus cuniculus'') or coney is a species of rabbit native to the Iberian Peninsula (including Spain, Portugal, and southwestern France), western France, and the northern Atlas Mountains in northwest Africa. It has b ...

'' (†) (''M'') * '' Procyon spp.'' (†) * '' Rattus spp.'' (†) (''M'') ** ''

Rattus norvegicus ''Rattus'' is a genus of muroid rodents, all typically called rats. However, the term rat can also be applied to rodent species outside of this genus. Species and description The best-known ''Rattus'' species are the black rat (''R. rattus'') ...

'' (brown rat)(†) ** ''

Rattus rattus The black rat (''Rattus rattus''), also known as the roof rat, ship rat, or house rat, is a common long-tailed rodent of the stereotypical rat genus ''Rattus'', in the subfamily Murinae. It likely originated in the Indian subcontinent, but is n ...

'' (black rat)(†) * ''

Sciurus carolinensis The eastern gray squirrel (''Sciurus carolinensis''), also known, particularly outside of North America, as simply the grey squirrel, is a tree squirrel in the genus ''Sciurus''. It is native to eastern North America, where it is the most prodi ...

'' (†) * ''

Sciurus niger The fox squirrel (''Sciurus niger''), also known as the eastern fox squirrel or Bryant's fox squirrel, is the largest species of tree squirrel native to North America. Despite the differences in size and coloration, it is sometimes mistaken for A ...

'' (†) * '' Tamias sibiricus'' (†)

Plants

*'' Abutilon sonneratianum'' (†) (''M'') (Cav.) Sweet * '' Acacia spp.'' (†) ** ''

Acacia baileyana ''Acacia baileyana'' or Cootamundra wattle is a shrub or tree in the flowering plant family Fabaceae. The scientific name of the species honours the botanist Frederick Manson Bailey. It is indigenous to a very small area in southern inland New S ...

'' F.Muell ** ''

Acacia cyanophylla ''Acacia saligna'', commonly known by various names including coojong, golden wreath wattle, orange wattle, blue-leafed wattle, Western Australian golden wattle, and, in Africa, Port Jackson willow, is a small tree in the family Fabaceae. Nativ ...

'' Lindley (=Acacia saligna (Labill.) H.L.Wendl.) ** ''

Acacia cyclops ''Acacia cyclops'', commonly known as coastal wattle, cyclops wattle, one-eyed wattle, red-eyed wattle, redwreath acacia, western coastal wattle, rooikrans, rooikrans acacia, is a coastal shrub or small tree in the family Fabaceae. Native to Au ...

'' A.Cunn. ex G.Don ** ''

Acacia dealbata ''Acacia dealbata'', the silver wattle, blue wattle or mimosa, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family (botany), family Fabaceae, native plant, native to southeastern Australia in New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and the Australi ...

'' Link. ** ''

Acacia decurrens ''Acacia decurrens'', commonly known as black wattle or early green wattle, is a perennial tree or shrub native to eastern New South Wales, including Sydney, the Greater Blue Mountains Area, the Hunter Region, and south west to the Australian Cap ...

'' (J.C.Wendl) Willd. ** '' Acacia karroo'' Hayne ** ''

Acacia longifolia ''Acacia longifolia'' is a species of ''Acacia'' native to southeastern Australia, from the extreme southeast of Queensland, eastern New South Wales, eastern and southern Victoria, and southeastern South Australia. Common names for it include lon ...

'' (Andrews) Willd. ** ''

Acacia mearnsii ''Acacia mearnsii'', commonly known as black wattle, late black wattle or green wattle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is usually an erect tree with smooth bark, bipinnate lea ...

'' DeWild. ** ''

Acacia melanoxylon ''Acacia melanoxylon'', commonly known as the Australian blackwood, is an ''Acacia'' species native in South eastern Australia. The species is also known as Blackwood, hickory, mudgerabah, Tasmanian blackwood, or blackwood acacia. The tree belon ...

'' R.Br. ** ''

Acacia pycnantha ''Acacia pycnantha'', most commonly known as the golden wattle, is a tree of the family Fabaceae native to southeastern Australia. It grows to a height of and has phyllodes (flattened leaf stalks) instead of true leaves. Sickle-shaped, these ...

'' ** ''

Acacia retinodes ''Acacia retinodes'' is an evergreen shrub that is native plant, native to South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania. Short racemes of yellow flowers are produced periodically throughout the year.

'' Schlecht * ''

Acanthus mollis ''Acanthus mollis'', commonly known as bear's breeches, sea dock, bear's foot plant, sea holly, gator plant or oyster plant, is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae and is native to the Mediterranean region. It is a leafy, clump-forming ...

'' (†) (''M'') L. * ''

Acer negundo ''Acer negundo'', the box elder, boxelder maple, Manitoba maple or ash-leaved maple, is a species of maple native to North America. It is a fast-growing, short-lived tree with opposite, compound leaves. It is sometimes considered a weedy or inv ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Acer pseudoplatanus ''Acer pseudoplatanus'', known as the sycamore in the British Isles and as the sycamore maple in the United States, is a species of flowering plant in the Sapindus, soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae. It is a large deciduous, broad-leaved ...

'' (†) (''M'') L. * '' Adiantum hispidulum'' (†) (''M'') Sw. * ''

Adiantum raddianum ''Adiantum raddianum'', the Delta maidenhair fern, is one of the most popular ferns to grow indoors. * '' Agapanthus praecox ssp. orientalis'' (†) (''M'') F. M. Leight * '' Adiantum hispidulum'' (†) (''M'') Sw. * ''

Agave americana ''Agave americana'', common names century plant, maguey, or American aloe, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to Mexico and the United States in Texas. It is cultivated worldwide as an ornamental plant, and has b ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Ageratina adenophora ''Ageratina adenophora'' (synonym ''Eupatorium adenophorum''), commonly known as Crofton weed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to Mexico and Central America. Originally grown as an ornamental plant, it has become ...

'' (†) (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. * ''

Ageratina riparia ''Ageratina riparia'', commonly known as mistflower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to Mexico. The species is widely adventive and has spread to Cuba, Jamaica, and other parts of the Caribbean. It has also bee ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Regel) R. M. King & H. Rob. * ''

Ailanthus altissima ''Ailanthus altissima'' , commonly known as tree of heaven, ailanthus, varnish tree, or in Chinese as ''chouchun'' (), is a deciduous tree in the family Simaroubaceae. It is native to northeast and central China, and Taiwan. Unlike other membe ...

'' (Miller) Swingle * '' Albizia lophanta'' (†) (Willd.) Nielsen (=Paraserianthes lophanta (Willd.) Benth) * '' Albizzia julibrissin'' (†) Durazz. * ''

'' (†) (Miller) Swingle * ''

Aloe arborescens ''Aloe arborescens'', the krantz aloe or candelabra aloe, is a species of flowering succulent perennial plant that belongs to the genus ''Aloe'', which it shares with the well known and studied ''Aloe vera''. The specific epithet ''arborescens'' ...

'' (†) (''M'') Mill. * ''

Alternanthera philoxeroides ''Alternanthera philoxeroides'', commonly referred to as alligator weed, is a native species to the temperate regions of South America, which includes Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Argentina alone hosts around 27 species that fall with ...

'' (†) (Mart.) Griseb. * ''

Alternanthera caracasana ''Alternanthera caracasana'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae known by the common names khakiweed, washerwoman and mat chaff flower. It is native to Central and South America but is well-known elsewhere as a noxious we ...

'' (†) Kunth * '' Alternanthera nodiflora'' (†) R. Br. * ''

Alternanthera pungens ''Alternanthera pungens'' is a creeping, prostrate perennial pioneer plant of the family Amaranthaceae, spreading by seed and vegetatively, with roots often developing at the nodes of spreading stems. A plant of roadsides, path verges and wast ...

'' (†) Kunth * '' Amaranthus albus'' (†) L. * ''

Amaranthus blitoides ''Amaranthus blitoides'', commonly called mat amaranth, prostrate pigweed, procumbent pigweed, prostrate amaranth, or matweed, is a Glossary of botanical terms#glabrous, glabrous annual plants species. It usually grows up to 0.6 m, though it may ...

'' (†) S. Watson * '' Amaranthus blitum ssp. emarginatus'' (†) (Moq. ex Uline & Bray) Carretero, Muñoz Garmendia & Pedrol * ''

Amaranthus caudatus ''Amaranthus caudatus'' (also known as ''Amaranthus edulis'' and ''Amaranthus mantegazzianus'') is a species of annual flowering plant. It goes by common names such as love-lies-bleeding, pendant amaranth, tassel flower, velvet flower, foxtail a ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Amaranthus cruentus ''Amaranthus cruentus'' is a flowering plant species that yields the nutritious staple amaranth grain. It is one of three ''Amaranthus'' species cultivated as a grain source, the other two being ''Amaranthus hypochondriacus'' and ''Amaranthus ca ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Amaranthus deflexus ''Amaranthus deflexus'' is also known by the common names low amaranth, Argentina amaranth, perennial pigweed, and large-fruit amaranth. It is native to South America, and has been introduced to many other parts of the world. It is a short-lived ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Amaranthus hybridus ''Amaranthus hybridus'', commonly called green amaranth, slim amaranth, smooth amaranth, smooth pigweed, or red amaranth, is a species of annual flowering plant. It is a weedy species found now over much of North America and introduced into Europ ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Amaranthus hypochondriacus ''Amaranthus hypochondriacus'' is an ornamental plant commonly known as Prince-of-Wales feather or prince's-feather. Originally endemic to Mexico, it is called ''quelite, bledo'' and ''quintonil'' in Spanish. In Africa and El Salvador, like many ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Amaranthus muricatus ''Amaranthus muricatus'', the so-called African amaranth, is a species in the genus ''Amaranthus'' native to South America; Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay. It is an invasive species in Africa, Europe and Australia, and to a lesser degre ...

'' (†) (Gillies ex Moq.) Hieron. * '' Amaranthus paniculatus'' (†) L. * ''

Amaranthus powellii ''Amaranthus powellii'' is a species of amaranth known by the common names Powell's amaranth and green amaranth. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, but it is common throughout most of the rest of the temperate A ...

'' (†) S. Watson * ''

Amaranthus retroflexus ''Amaranthus retroflexus'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae with several common names, including red-root amaranth, redroot pigweed, red-rooted pigweed, common amaranth, pigweed amaranth, and common tumbleweed. page 47 ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Amaranthus viridis ''Amaranthus viridis'' is a cosmopolitan species in the botanical family Amaranthaceae and is commonly known as slender amaranth or green amaranth. Description ''Amaranthus viridis'' is an annual herb with an upright, light green stem that grows ...

'' (†) L. * '' Amaranthus x ozanonii'' (†) Thell. ex Priszter * ''

Amaryllis belladonna ''Amaryllis belladonna'', the Jersey lily, belladonna-lily, naked-lady-lily, or March lily, is a plant species native to Cape Province in South Africa but widely cultivated as an ornamental. It is reportedly naturalized in many places: Corsica, ...

'' (†) (''M'') Kunth * ''

Aptenia cordifolia ''Mesembryanthemum cordifolium'' formerly known as ''Aptenia cordifolia'' is a species of succulent plant in the iceplant family. It is a creeping plant that forms a carpet of flat-growing perennial herbs in groups on the ground from a base. Ge ...

'' (†) (''M'') (L. f.) Schwantes * ''

Araujia sericifera ''Araujia sericifera'' is a perennial vining plant in the genus '' Araujia'', of the family Apocynaceae. The species was described in 1817 by the Portuguese botanist Félix de Avelar Brotero. The synonym ''Araujia hortorum'' is in more frequent ...

'' (†) Brot. * ''

Arctotheca calendula ''Arctotheca calendula'' is a plant in the sunflower family commonly known as capeweed, plain treasureflower, cape dandelion, or cape marigold because it originates from the Cape Province in South Africa. It is also found in neighboring KwaZulu ...

'' (†) (L.) Levyns * ''

'' (L.) Levins * ''

Arundo donax ''Arundo donax'' is a tall perennial cane. It is one of several so-called reed species. It has several common names including giant cane, elephant grass, carrizo, arundo, Spanish cane, Colorado river reed, wild cane, and giant reed. ''Arundo'' an ...

'' (†) L. * '' Asclepias curassavica'' (†) L. * ''

Asclepias syriaca ''Asclepias syriaca'', commonly called common milkweed, butterfly flower, silkweed, silky swallow-wort, and Virginia silkweed, is a species of flowering plant. It is native to southern Canada and much of the United States east of the Rocky Moun ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Asparagus asparagoides ''Asparagus asparagoides'', commonly known as bridal creeper, bridal-veil creeper, ''gnarboola'', smilax or smilax asparagus, is a herbaceous climbing plant of the family Asparagaceae native to eastern and southern Africa. Sometimes grown as an ...

'' (†) (''M'') (L.) Druce * '' Aster squamatus'' (†) (Spreng.) Hieron. * ''

Atriplex rosea ''Atriplex rosea'' is a species of saltbush known by the common names tumbling saltbush, red orach, redscale and tumbling orach (; also spelled orache). It is native to Eurasia but it is widespread elsewhere as an introduced species. This is an ...

'' (†) (''M'') L. * ''

Atriplex semibaccata Atriplex semibaccata, commonly known as Australian saltbush, berry saltbush, or creeping saltbush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a perennial herb native to Western Australia, Sout ...

'' (†) (''M'') R. Br. * ''

Azolla caroliniana ''Azolla cristata '', the Carolina mosquitofern, Carolina azolla or water velvet, is a species of ''Azolla'' native to the Americas, in eastern North America from southern Ontario southward, and from the east coast west to Wisconsin and Texas, an ...

'' Willd. * ''

Azolla filiculoides ''Azolla filiculoides'' (water fern) is a species of ''Azolla'', native to warm temperate and tropical regions of the Americas which was introduced to Europe, North and sub-Saharan Africa, China, Japan, New Zealand, Australia, the Caribbean and H ...

'' (†) Lam. * ''

Baccharis halimifolia ''Baccharis halimifolia'' is a North American species of shrubs in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Nova Scotia, the eastern and southern United States (from Massachusetts south to Florida and west to Texas and Oklahoma), eastern Mexico (Nu ...

'' (†) L. * '' Baccharis spicata'' (†) (Lam.) Baill. * ''

Bidens aurea ''Bidens aurea '', the Arizona beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Mexico and found also in Arizona and Guatemala. The species is also naturalized in parts of Euro ...

'' (†) (Aiton) Sherff * '' Bidens frondosa'' (†) L. * ''

Bidens pilosa ''Bidens pilosa'' is an annual species of herbaceous flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. Its many common names include hitch hikers, black-jack, beggarticks, farmer’s friends and Spanish needle, but most commonly referred to as ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Brachiaria mutica ''Brachiaria mutica'' (''Urochloa mutica'') is a species of grass known by the common names para grass, buffalo grass, Mauritius signal grass, pasto pare, malojilla, gramalote, parana, Carib grass, and Scotch grass.Stone, Katharine R. 2010''Uroch ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Forssk.) Stapf * '' Cabomba caroliniana'' (†) Gray * '' Cardiospermum grandiflorum'' (†) (''M'') Sw. * '' Carpobrotus acinaciformis'' (†) (L.) L. Bolus * ''

Carpobrotus edulis ''Carpobrotus edulis'' is a ground-creeping plant with succulent leaves in the genus ''Carpobrotus'', native to South Africa. Its common names include hottentot-fig, sour fig, ice plant or highway ice plant. Description ''Carpobrotus edulis'' ...

'' (L.)N.E.Br. * ''

Cenchrus ciliaris ''Cenchrus ciliaris'' (buffel-grass or African foxtail grass; syn. ''Pennisetum ciliare'' (L.) Link) is a species of grass native to most of Africa, southern Asia (east to India), southern Iran, and the extreme south of Europe (Sicily). Other na ...

'' (†) (''M'') L. * ''

Centranthus ruber ''Centranthus ruber'', the red valerian, spur valerian, kiss-me-quick, fox's brush, devil's beard or Jupiter's beard, is a popular garden plant grown for its ornamental flowers. Description It grows as a perennial plant, usually as a subshrub t ...

'' (†) (''M'') (L.) DC. * ''

Chasmanthe aethiopica ''Chasmanthe'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Iridaceae, first described in 1932. It is endemic to Cape Province in South Africa. It is widely grown as an ornamental and naturalized in various locations. In their native habitat the ...

'' (†) (''M'') (L.) N.E. Br. * '' Chrysanthemum coronarium'' (†) (''M'') L. * ''

Cirsium vulgare ''Cirsium vulgare'', the spear thistle, bull thistle, or common thistle, is a species of the Asteraceae genus ''Cirsium'', native throughout most of Europe (north to 66°N, locally 68°N), Western Asia (east to the Yenisei Valley), and northwes ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Savi) Ten. * ''

Colocasia esculenta Taro () (''Colocasia esculenta)'' is a root vegetable. It is the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the family Araceae that are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, and petioles. Taro corms are a food staple in African ...

'' (†) (''M'') (L.) Schott * ''

Commelina diffusa ''Commelina diffusa'', sometimes known as the climbing dayflower or spreading dayflower, is a pantropical herbaceous plant in the dayflower family. It has been introduced to the southeastern United States where it is most common in wet disturbed ...

'' (†) (''M'') Burm. F. * ''

Conyza bonariensis ''Erigeron bonariensis'' is a species of ''Erigeron'', found throughout the tropics and subtropics as a pioneer plant; its precise origin is unknown, but most likely it stems from Central America or South America. It has become naturalized in ma ...

'' (†) (L.) Cronq. * ''

Conyza canadensis ''Erigeron canadensis'' ( synonym ''Conyza canadensis'') is an annual plant native throughout most of North America and Central America. It is also widely naturalized in Eurasia and Australia. Common names include horseweed, Canadian horseweed ...

'' (†) L. * '' Conyza sumatrensis'' (†) (Retz.) E. Walker * '' Coronopus didymus'' (†) (L.) J.E. Sm. * ''

Cortaderia selloana ''Cortaderia selloana'' is a species of flowering plant in the Poaceae family. It is referred to by the common name pampas grass, and is native to southern South America, including the Pampas region after which it is named. Etymology ''Cortade ...

'' (†) (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Aschers & Graebner * '' Cotula australis'' (†) (''M'') (Sieber ex Spreng.) Hook. fil. * ''

Cotula coronopifolia The small marsh flower ''Cotula coronopifolia'' bears the common names brass buttons, golden buttons, and buttonweed. The flower heads are bright yellow discoid heads that look like thick buttons. Individual plants spread stems along the ground ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Crassula ovata ''Crassula ovata'', commonly known as jade plant, lucky plant, money plant or money tree, is a succulent plant with small pink or white flowers that is native to the KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa, and Mozambique; it is ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Mill.) Druce * '' Crassula multicava'' (†) (''M'') Lem. * '' Crinum bulbispermum'' (†) (''M'') (Burm.) Milne-Redh. & Schweick. * '' Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora'' (†) (''M'') (Lemoine) N.E. Br. * ''

Cyperus rotundus ''Cyperus rotundus'' (coco-grass, Java grass, nut grass, purple nut sedge or purple nutsedge, red nut sedge, Khmer ''kravanh chruk''Martin, Robert & Pol Chanthy, 2009''Weeds of Upland Cambodia'', ACIAR Monagraph 141, Canberra.) is a species of ...

'' (†) L. * '' Cyrtomium falcatum'' (†) (''M'') (L. fil.) C. Presl * ''

Cytisus scoparius ''Cytisus scoparius'' ( syn. ''Sarothamnus scoparius''), the common broom or Scotch broom, is a deciduous leguminous shrub native to western and central Europe. In Britain and Ireland, the standard name is broom; this name is also used for oth ...

'' (†) (''M'') (L.) Link * ''

Cytisus striatus ''Cytisus striatus'' is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common names hairy-fruited broom and Portuguese broom. This plant is native to the west of the Iberian Peninsula and northwestern Morocco. Description This i ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Hill) Rothm * ''

Datura innoxia ''Datura innoxia'' (often spelled ''inoxia''), known as pricklyburr, recurved thorn-apple, downy thorn-apple, Indian-apple, lovache, moonflower, nacazcul, toloatzin, toloaxihuitl, tolguache or toloache, is a species of flowering plant in the fami ...

'' (†) (''M'') Mill. * ''

Datura stramonium ''Datura stramonium'', known by the common names thorn apple, jimsonweed (jimson weed), devil's snare, or devil's trumpet, is a poisonous flowering plant of the nightshade family Solanaceae. It is a species belonging to the ''Datura'' genus a ...

'' L. * ''

Delairea odorata ''Delairea'' is a plant genus within the family Asteraceae that is native to South Africa. Classified within the tribe Senecioneae, it contains only one species, ''Delairea odorata'', which was previously included in the genus ''Senecio'' as ''Se ...

'' (†) (''M'') Lem. (= Senecio mikanoides Otto ex Walp.) * ''

Doodia caudata ''Doodia caudata'' is a species of dimorphic, evergreen fern in the family Blechnaceae, native to Australia and New Zealand. Upright clusters of fertile fronds reach 10 inches (25 cm) in length. It has been introduced to the Azores ) , m ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Cav.) R. Br. * ''

Duchesnea indica ''Potentilla indica'' known commonly as mock strawberry, Indian-strawberry, or false strawberry, often referred to as a backyard strawberry, mainly in North America, is a flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It has foliage and an aggregate ac ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Andr.) Focke * ''

Egeria densa ''Egeria densa'', the large-flowered waterweed or Brazilian waterweed, is a species of '' Egeria'' native to warm temperate South America in southeastern Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. It is considered a problematic invasive species due t ...

'' (†) Planch. * ''

Eichhornia crassipes ''Pontederia crassipes'' (formerly ''Eichhornia crassipes''), commonly known as common water hyacinth is an aquatic plant native to South America, naturalized throughout the world, and often invasive species, invasive outside its native range ...

'' (†) (C.R.P..Mart.) Solms. Laub. * ''

Elodea canadensis ''Elodea canadensis'' (American waterweed or Canadian waterweed or pondweed) is a perennial aquatic plant, or submergent macrophyte, native to most of North America.Flora of North America''Elodea canadensis''/ref>Plants of British Columbia''Elod ...

'' (†) Mich. * ''

Elodea nuttallii ''Elodea nuttallii'' is a species of waterweed known by the common name western waterweed or Nuttall's waterweed. This is a perennial aquatic plant which is native to North America where it grows submersed in lakes, rivers, and other shallow wa ...

'' (†) (Planch.) St. John * ''

Erigeron karvinskianus ''Erigeron karvinskianus'', the Mexican fleabane, is a species of daisy-like flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to Mexico and parts of Central America. Other common names include Latin American fleabane, Santa Barbara daisy, Spani ...

'' DC. * '' Eryngium pandanifolium'' Cham. & Schlecht * ''

Eschscholzia californica ''Eschscholzia californica'', the California poppy, golden poppy, California sunlight or cup of gold, is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae, native to the United States and Mexico. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant f ...

'' (†) Champ. (''M'') * ''

Eucalyptus globulus ''Eucalyptus globulus'', commonly known as southern blue gum or blue gum, is a species of tall, evergreen tree endemic to southeastern Australia. This ''Eucalyptus'' species has mostly smooth bark, juvenile leaves that are whitish and waxy on ...

'' Labill * ''

Fallopia baldschuanica ''Fallopia baldschuanica'' ( syn. ''Polygonum baldschuanicum'') is an Asian species of flowering plant in the knotweed family known by several common names, including Russian-vine, Bukhara fleeceflower, Chinese fleecevine, mile-a-minute and sil ...

'' (†) (Regel) J. Holub * '' Fallopia japonica'' (†) (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. (= Reynoutria japonica Houtt.) * ''

Fallopia sachalinensis ''Reynoutria sachalinensis'' (giant knotweed or Sakhalin knotweed Japanese オオイタドリ ''ooitadori'', Russian Горец сахалинский, Гречиха сахалинская; syns. ''Polygonum sachalinense'', ''Fallopia sachalinen ...

'' (†) (Schmidt) Ronse Decr. * '' Fallopia x bohemica'' (†) (J. Chrtek & A. Chrtková) J. P. Bailey * '' Fuchsia arborescens'' (†) Sims (''M'') * '' Fuchsia magellanica'' (†) Lam. (''M'') * ''

Galinsoga parviflora ''Galinsoga parviflora'' is a herbaceous plant in the Asteraceae (daisy) family. It has several common names including guasca ( Colombia), pacpa yuyo, paco yuyo and waskha (Peru), burrionera (Ecuador), albahaca silvestre and saetilla (Argentina), ...

'' Cav. * ''

Galinsoga quadriradiata ''Galinsoga quadriradiata'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae which is known by several common names, including shaggy soldier, Peruvian daisy, hairy galinsoga. Its native home is apparently central Mexico, although it has ...

'' (†) Ruiz et Pav. (''M'') * ''

Gleditsia triacanthos The honey locust (''Gleditsia triacanthos''), also known as the thorny locust or thorny honeylocust, is a deciduous tree in the family Fabaceae, native to central North America where it is mostly found in the moist soil of river valleys. Honey ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Gomphocarpus fruticosus ''Gomphocarpus fruticosus'' is a species of plant native to South Africa. It is also common in New Zealand where it is the main host of the monarch butterfly. The plant's tissues contain sufficient cardenolides that consumption of significant qu ...

'' (†) (L.) Aiton fil. * ''

Gunnera tinctoria ''Gunnera tinctoria'', known as giant rhubarb or Chilean rhubarb, is a flowering plant species native to southern Chile and neighbouring zones in Argentina. It is unrelated to rhubarb, as the two plants belong into different orders, but looks si ...

'' (†) (Molina) Mirbel * ''

Hakea salicifolia ''Hakea salicifolia'' commonly known as the willow-leaved hakea, is species of flowering plant that is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an adaptable, fast growing small tree or shrub with attractive foliage and cream white flowers. Descript ...

'' (†) ( Vent.) B.L.Burtt * ''

Hakea sericea ''Hakea sericea'', commonly known as bushy needlewood or silky hakea, is a large shrub with a profusion of mainly white flowers from July for several months. It is endemism, endemic to eastern Australia. It has become an environmental weed in so ...

'' (†) Schrader - Háquia-picante * ''

Hedychium gardnerianum ''Hedychium gardnerianum'', the Kahili ginger, Kahila garland-lily or ginger lily, is a species of flowering plant in the ginger family Zingiberaceae, native to the Himalayas in India, Nepal, and Bhutan. It is an erect herbaceous perennial growi ...

'' (†) Sheppard ex Ker Grwal * '' Helichrysum foetidum'' (†) (''M'') (L.) Cass. * ''

Heracleum mantegazzianum ''Heracleum mantegazzianum'', commonly known as giant hogweed, is a monocarpic perennial herbaceous plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. ''H. mantegazzianum'' is also known as cartwheel-flower, giant cow parsley, giant cow parsnip, or hogs ...

'' (†) Sommier & Levier * ''

Heracleum persicum ''Heracleum persicum'', commonly known as Persian hogweed or by its native name ''Golpar'' ( fa, گلپر) is a species of hogweed, a perennial herbaceous plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. It grows wild in humid mountainous regions in Iran ...

'' (†) Fischer * ''

Heracleum sosnowskyi ''Heracleum sosnowskyi'', or Sosnowsky's hogweed, is a monocarpic perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. Its native range includes the central and eastern Caucasus regions of Eurasia and extends into the southern Cau ...

'' (†) Mandenova * ''

Holcus lanatus ''Holcus lanatus'' is a perennial grass. The specific epithet ' is Latin for 'woolly' which describes the plant's hairy texture. Common names include Yorkshire fog, tufted grass, and meadow soft grass. In North America, where it is an invasive ...

'' (†) (''M'') L. * ''

Hydrangea macrophylla ''Hydrangea macrophylla'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae, native to Japan. It is a deciduous shrub growing to tall by broad with large heads of pink or blue flowers in summer and autumn. Common names include biglea ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Thunb.) Ser. * ''

Hydrilla verticillata ''Hydrilla'' (waterthyme) is a genus of aquatic plant, usually treated as containing just one species, ''Hydrilla verticillata'', though some botanists divide it into several species. It is native to the cool and warm waters of the Old World in ...

'' (†) (L. f.) Royle * ''

Hydrocotyle ranunculoides ''Hydrocotyle ranunculoides'', known commonly as floating pennywort, or floating marshpennywort, is an aquatic plant in the family Apiaceae. It is native to North and South America. Origin and invasiveness Water pennywort is an aquatic plant, ...

'' (†) L. f. * ''

Impatiens glandulifera ''Impatiens glandulifera'', Himalayan balsam, is a large annual plant native to the Himalayas. Via human introduction it is now present across much of the Northern Hemisphere and is considered an invasive species in many areas. Uprooting or cutt ...

'' (†) Royle * '' Ipomoea acuminata'' (†) (Vahl.) Roemer & Schultes * ''

Ipomoea indica ''Ipomoea indica'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae, known by several common names, including blue morning glory, oceanblue morning glory, ''koali awa'', and blue dawn flower. It bears heart-shaped or 3-lobed leaves an ...

'' (†) (Burm.) Merr. * '' Ipomea purpurea'' (†) (''M'') (L.) Roth * ''

Isatis tinctoria ''Isatis tinctoria'', also called woad (), dyer's woad, or glastum, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae (the mustard family) with a documented history of use as a blue dye and medicinal plant. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from ...

'' (†) (''M'') L. * ''

Kalanchoe daigremontiana ''Kalanchoe daigremontiana'', formerly known as ''Bryophyllum daigremontianum'' and commonly called mother of thousands, or Mexican hat plant, is a succulent plant native to Madagascar. Like other members of ''Bryophyllum'' (now included in th ...

'' (†) (''M'') Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier * ''

Kalanchoe delagoensis ''Kalanchoe delagoensis'', formerly known as ''Bryophyllum delagoense'' and commonly called mother of millions or chandelier plant, is a succulent plant native to Madagascar. Like other members of ''Bryophyllum'' (now included in ''Kalanchoe''), ...

'' (†) (''M'') Eckl. et Zeyh. * ''

Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi ''Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi'', formerly known as ''Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi'', native to Madagascar, is widely sold as a house or garden plant

'' (†) (''M'') Raym.-Hamet et Perrier * ''

Kalanchoe pinnata ''Kalanchoe pinnata'', commonly known as cathedral bells, air plant, life plant, miracle leaf, and Goethe plant is a succulent plant native to Madagascar. It is a popular houseplant and has become naturalized in tropical and subtropical areas. Th ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Lam.) Pers. N * ''

Lagarosiphon major ''Lagarosiphon major'' is a monocotic aquatic plant native to Southern Africa. Common names include African elodea, curly waterweed, oxygen weed and South African oxygen weed. It is used as freshwater aquarium plant. It is an invasive plant in ...

'' (†) (Ridley) Moss * ''

Lantana camara ''Lantana camara'' (common lantana) is a species of flowering plant within the verbena family (Verbenaceae), native to the American tropics. It is a very adaptable species, which can inhabit a wide variety of ecosystems; once it has been introduc ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Lepidium didymum ''Lepidium didymum'', the lesser swine-cress, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. Description ''Lepidium didymum'' is an annual or biennial herb with decumbent or ascending and glabrous green stems, up to long, radiatin ...

'' (†) (''M'') L. * ''

Leptospermum scoparium ''Leptospermum scoparium'', commonly called mānuka, () mānuka myrtle, New Zealand teatree, broom tea-tree, or just tea tree, is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, native to New Zealand (including the Chatham Islands ...

'' (†) (''M'') J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. * ''

Leucaena leucocephala ''Leucaena leucocephala'' is a small fast-growing Mimosoideae, mimosoid tree native to southern Mexico and northern Central America (Belize and Guatemala) and is now naturalized throughout the tropics including parts of Asia. Common names inc ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Lam.) De Wit * ''

Leycesteria formosa ''Leycesteria formosa'', the pheasant berry, is a deciduous shrub in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to the Himalayas and southwestern China. It is considered a noxious invasive species in Australia, New Zealand, the neighbouring islands of Mic ...

'' (†) (''M'') Wall. * ''

Lonicera japonica ''Lonicera japonica'', known as Japanese honeysuckle and golden-and-silver honeysuckle, is a species of honeysuckle native to eastern Asia. It is often grown as an ornamental plant, but has become an invasive species in a number of countries. Jap ...

'' (†) Thunb. * ''

Ludwigia grandiflora ''Ludwigia grandiflora'', commonly referred to as Water primrose, is an aquatic plant of the order Myrtales. It is closely related and easily confused with ''Ludwigia hexapetala''. The two species can be distinguished at a chromosomal level, b ...

'' (†) (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet * ''

Ludwigia peploides ''Ludwigia peploides'' is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common names floating primrose-willow and creeping water primrose. It is native to Australia, New Zealand, North America, and South America, but i ...

'' (†) (Kunth) Raven * '' Ludwigia uruguayensis'' (†) (Cambess.) H.Hara * ''

Lycopersicon esculentum The tomato is the edible berry of the plant ''Solanum lycopersicum'', commonly known as the tomato plant. The species originated in western South America, Mexico, and Central America. The Mexican Nahuatl word gave rise to the Spanish word , ...

'' (†) (''M'') Mill. var. esculentum * ''

Lysichiton americanus ''Lysichiton americanus'', also called western skunk cabbage (US), yellow skunk cabbage (UK), American skunk-cabbage (Britain and Ireland) or swamp lantern, is a plant found in swamps and wet woods, along streams and in other wet areas of the Pac ...

'' (†) Hultén & St. John * ''

Malephora crocea ''Malephora crocea'' is a species of flowering plant in the ice plant family known by the common name coppery mesemb and red ice plant. It is native to Africa and it is grown in many other places as an ornamental plant and a groundcover. In Cal ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Jacq.) Schwantes * ''

Melinis repens ''Melinis repens'' is a species of grass known by the common names rose Natal grass, Natal red top, or simply Natal grass. It is native to southern Africa and an introduced species, often considered a noxious weed, on other continents such as No ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Willd.) Zizka * '' Malvastrum coromandelianum'' (†) (''M'') (L.) Garcke * ''

Microstegium vimineum ''Microstegium vimineum'', commonly known as Japanese stiltgrass, packing grass, or Nepalese browntop, is an annual plant, annual grass that is common in a wide variety of habitats and is well adapted to low light levels. Despite being non-nativ ...

'' (†) (Trin.) A. Camus * '' Myoporum tenuifolium'' G.Forster * ''

Myriophyllum aquaticum ''Myriophyllum aquaticum'' is a flowering plant, a Vascular tissue, vascular Dicotyledon, dicot, commonly called parrot's-feather and parrot feather watermilfoil. Morphology and reproduction Parrot feather is a perennial plant. Parrot feather ge ...

'' (†) (Velloso) Verdc. * '' Myriophyllum brasiliensis'' (†) Camb. * ''

Myriophyllum heterophyllum ''Myriophyllum heterophyllum'' (English: twoleaf watermilfoil or broadleaf watermilfoil) is a species from the genus ''Myriophyllum'' native to North America. It was first described by André Michaux. Description ''Myriophyllum heterophyllum' ...

'' (†) Michaux * ''

Nicotiana glauca ''Nicotiana glauca'' is a species of flowering plant in the tobacco genus Nicotiana of the nightshade family Solanaceae. It is known by the common name tree tobacco. Its leaves are attached to the stalk by Petiole (botany), petioles (many other ' ...

'' (†) R.C. Graham * ''

Nymphaea mexicana ''Nymphaea mexicana'' is a species of aquatic plant that is native to the Southern United States and Mexico as far south as Michoacán. Common names include yellow water lily, Mexican water lily and banana water lily. Role as invasive species ...

'' (†) Zucc. * ''

Opuntia elata ''Opuntia elata'' is a species of cactus found in Bolivia, Paraguay, southern Brazil, northern Argentina, and Uruguay. , Plants of the World Online accepted three varieties: *''Opuntia elata'' var. ''delaetiana'' F.A.C.Weber *''Opuntia elata'' ...

'' (†) Salm-Dyck * ''

Opuntia ficus-indica ''Opuntia ficus-indica'', the Indian fig opuntia, fig opuntia, or prickly pear, is a species of cactus that has long been a domesticated crop plant grown in agricultural economies throughout arid and semiarid parts of the world. ''O. ficus-indica ...

'' (L.) Miller * ''

Opuntia maxima ''Opuntia'', commonly called prickly pear or pear cactus, is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae. Prickly pears are also known as ''tuna'' (fruit), ''sabra'', ''nopal'' (paddle, plural ''nopales'') from the Nahuatl word f ...

'' (†) Miller * '' Opuntia subulata'' (†) (Muehlenpf.) Engelm (= Austrocylindropuntia subulata) * '' Opuntia tuna'' (†) (''M'') (L.) Mill. * ''

Oxalis corniculata ''Oxalis corniculata'', the creeping woodsorrel, procumbent yellow sorrel or sleeping beauty, is a somewhat delicate-appearing, low-growing herbaceous plant in the family Oxalidaceae. It resembles the common yellow woodsorrel, ''Oxalis stricta'' ...

'' (†) (''M'') L. * ''

Oxalis pes-caprae ''Oxalis pes-caprae'' (African wood-sorrel, Bermuda buttercup, Bermuda sorrel, buttercup oxalis, Cape sorrel, English weed, goat's-foot, sourgrass, soursob or soursop; ) is a species of heterostyly, tristylous yellow-flowering plant in the wood ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Oxalis purpurea ''Oxalis purpurea'' is a species of flowering plant in the Oxalidaceae, woodsorrel family known by the common name purple woodsorrel. It is native to southern Africa, including South Africa, but it is known on most continents as an introduced spe ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Paraserianthes lophantha ''Paraserianthes lophantha'' (syn. ''Albizia lophantha''), the Cape Leeuwin wattle, Bicol wattle, Cape wattle, crested wattle or plume albizia, is a fast-growing tree with creamy-yellow, bottlebrush like flowers. It is a small tree (uppermost hei ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Willd.) I.C. Nielsen Albizia distachya (Vent) J.F. Macbr.ref name="DR" /> * ''

Parthenium hysterophorus ''Parthenium hysterophorus'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the American tropics. Common names include Santa-Maria, Santa Maria feverfew, whitetop weed, and famine weed.McConnachie AJ, Strathie LW, et ...

'' (†) L. * '' Paspalum paspalodes'' (†) (Michx) Scribner * ''

Paspalum vaginatum ''Paspalum vaginatum'' is a species of grass known by many names, including seashore paspalum, biscuit grass, saltwater couch, silt grass, and swamp couch. * '' Passiflora tripartita'' (†) (''M'') (Juss.) Poir. var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P. Jørg. * ''

Paulownia tomentosa ''Paulownia tomentosa'', common names princess tree, empress tree, or foxglove-tree, is a deciduous hardwood tree in the family Paulowniaceae, native to central and western China. It is an extremely fast-growing tree with seeds that disperse rea ...

'' (†) (Thunberg) Steudel * ''

Pelargonium inquinans ''Pelargonium inquinans'', the scarlet geranium, is a species of plant in the genus ''Pelargonium'' (family Geraniaceae), that is indigenous to the south-western Cape of South Africa. It is one of the ancestors of the hybrid line of horticultural ...

'' (†) (''M'') (L.) L'Hér. ex Ait. * ''

Pennisetum purpureum ''Cenchrus purpureus'', synonym ''Pennisetum purpureum'', also known as Napier grass, elephant grass or Uganda grass, is a species of perennial tropical grass native to the African grasslands. arrell, G., Simons, S. A., & Hillocks, R. J. (2002). ...

'' (†) (''M'') Schum. * ''

Pennisetum setaceum ''Cenchrus setaceus'', commonly known as crimson fountaingrass, is a C4 perennial bunch grass that is native to open, scrubby habitats in East Africa, tropical Africa, the Middle East and south-western Asia. It has been introduced to many part ...

'' (†) (Forssk.) Chiov. * '' Pennisetum villosum'' (†) R. Br. ex Fresen * '' Persicaria perfoliata'' (†) (L.) H. Gross (= Polygonum perfoliatum L.) * ''

Petroselinum crispum Parsley, or garden parsley (''Petroselinum crispum'') is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae that is native to the central and eastern Mediterranean region (Sardinia, Lebanon, Israel, Cyprus, Turkey, southern Italy, Greece, Por ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Mill.) A.W. Hill * ''

Physalis peruviana ''Physalis peruviana'' is a species of plant in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) native to Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. It is commonly known as Cape gooseberry, goldenberry or ground cherry, as poha in Hawaii, and as Harankash in Egypt, while i ...

'' (†) (''M'') L. * ''

Phytolacca americana ''Phytolacca americana'', also known as American pokeweed, pokeweed, poke sallet, dragonberries, and inkberry, is a poisonous, herbaceous perennial plant in the pokeweed family Phytolaccaceae. This pokeweed grows . It has simple leaves on green ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Pistia stratiotes ''Pistia'' is a genus of aquatic plants in the arum family, Araceae. It is the sole genus in the tribe ''Pistieae'' which reflects its systematic isolation within the family. The single species it comprises, ''Pistia stratiotes'', is often called ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Pittosporum undulatum ''Pittosporum undulatum'' is a fast-growing tree in the family Pittosporaceae. It is sometimes also known as sweet pittosporum, native daphne, Australian cheesewood, Victorian box or mock orange. ''P. undulatum'' has become invasive in parts ...

'' (†) Vent. * '' Podranea ricasoliana'' (†) (Tanfani) Sprague * '' Polygonum capitatum'' (†) Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don * ''

Pueraria lobata ''Pueraria montana'' var. ''lobata'', the East Asian arrowroot, or kudzu vine, is a perennial plant in the family Fabaceae. Names It is called ''gé'' () in Chinese, ''kuzu'' () in Japanese, and ''chik'' () or ''gal'' (갈; 葛) in Korean. ...

'' (†) (Willdenow) Ohwi (= P. montana var lobata) * ''

Psidium cattleyanum ''Psidium cattleyanum (World Plants : Psidium cattleianum)'', commonly known as Cattley guava, strawberry guava or cherry guava, is a small tree (2–6 m tall) in the Myrtaceae (myrtle) family. The species is named in honour of English hor ...

'' (†) Sabine * ''

Reynoutria japonica ''Reynoutria japonica'', synonyms ''Fallopia japonica'' and ''Polygonum cuspidatum'', is a species of herbaceous perennial plant in the knotweed and buckwheat family Polygonaceae. Common names include Japanese knotweed and Asian knotweed. It is ...

'' Houtt. * ''

Rhus coriaria ''Rhus coriaria'', commonly called Sicilian sumac, tanner's sumach, or elm-leaved sumach, is a deciduous shrub to small tree in the cashew family Anacardiaceae. It is native to southern Europe and western Asia. The dried fruits are used as a spi ...

'' (†) (''M'') L. * ''

Ricinus communis ''Ricinus communis'', the castor bean or castor oil plant, is a species of perennial flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is the sole species in the monotypic genus, ''Ricinus'', and subtribe, Ricininae. The evolution of ca ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Robinia pseudoacacia ''Robinia pseudoacacia'', commonly known in its native territory as black locust, is a medium-sized hardwood deciduous tree, belonging to the tribe Robinieae of the legume family Fabaceae. It is endemic to a few small areas of the United States, ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Sagittaria latifolia ''Sagittaria latifolia'' is a plant found in shallow wetlands and is sometimes known as broadleaf arrowhead, duck-potato, Indian potato, katniss, or wapato. This plant produces edible tubers that have traditionally been extensively used by Nati ...

'' (†) Willd. * ''

Salpichroa origanifolia ''Salpichroa origanifolia'' is a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family known by the common names lily of the valley vine, pampas lily-of-the-valley or cock's-eggs. Distribution and habitat This species is native to South America (B ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Lam.) Thell. * ''

Salvinia molesta ''Salvinia molesta'', commonly known as giant salvinia, or as kariba weed after it infested a large portion of Lake Kariba between Zimbabwe and Zambia, is an aquatic fern, native to south-eastern Brazil. It is a free-floating plant that does n ...

'' (†) D.S. Mitchell * '' Senecio bicolor'' (†) (Willd.) Tod. ssp. cinerea (DC.) Chater * '' Senecio inaequidens'' (†) DC. * '' Senecio mikanioides'' (†) (''M'') Otto ex Walp. * '' Senecio petasitis'' (†) (''M'') (Sims) DC. * '' Sesbania punicea'' (Cav.) Benth. * ''

Setaria verticillata ''Setaria verticillata'' is a species of grass known by the common names hooked bristlegrass, rough bristle-grass and bristly foxtail. It is native to Europe, but it is known on most continents as an introduced species and often a noxious weed. I ...

'' (†) (''M'') (L.) P. Beauv. * ''

Solanum lycopersicum The tomato is the edible berry of the plant ''Solanum lycopersicum'', commonly known as the tomato plant. The species originated in western South America, Mexico, and Central America. The Mexican Nahuatl word gave rise to the Spanish word ...

'' (†) (''M'') L. var. lycopersicum * ''

Solanum mauritianum ''Solanum mauritianum'' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Its common names include earleaf nightshade (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), woolly nightshade, flannel we ...

'' (†) Scop. * ''

Soleirolia soleirolii ''Soleirolia soleirolii'' (, syn. ''Helxine soleirolii'') is a plant in the nettle family. It has a number of common names, including baby's tears, angel's tears, peace in the home, bits and pieces, bread and cheese, Corsican creeper, Corsican ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Req.) Dandy * ''

Sorghum halepense Johnson grass or Johnsongrass, ''Sorghum halepense'', is a plant in the grass family, Poaceae, native to Asia and northern Africa. The plant has been introduced to all continents except Antarctica, and most larger islands and archipelagos. It re ...

'' (†) (L.) Pers. * ''

Spartina densiflora ''Sporobolus montevidensis'' is a species of grass known by the common name denseflower cordgrass. Although reclassified after a taxonomic revision in 2014, it may still be referred to as ''Spartina densiflora'' by some users. It is native to the ...

'' (†) Brongn. * '' Symphyotrichum subulatum'' (†) (''M'') (Michx.) G. L. Nesom var. squamatum (Spreng.) S. D. Sundb. * ''

Tamarix gallica ''Tamarix gallica'', the French tamarisk, is a deciduous, herbaceous, twiggy shrub or small tree reaching up to about 5 meters high. It is indigenous to Saudi Arabia and the Sinai Peninsula, and very common around the Mediterranean region. It i ...

'' (†) (''M'') L. * ''

Tetragonia tetragonioides ''Tetragonia tetragonioides'', commonly called New Zealand spinach, Warrigal greens and other local names, is a flowering plant in the fig-marigold family (Aizoaceae). It is often cultivated as a leafy vegetable. It is a widespread species, nat ...

'' (†) (''M'') (Pall.) Kuntze * ''

Tradescantia fluminensis ''Tradescantia fluminensis'' is a species of spiderwort native to South America. It is one of several plants known by the common name wandering Jew, but now also commonly called wandering trad. It is also known as small-leaf spiderwort, river s ...

'' (†) Velloso * '' Tradescantia zebrina'' (†) (''M'') Hort. ex Bosse Vollst. * ''

Tropaeolum majus ''Tropaeolum majus'', the garden nasturtium, nasturtium, Indian cress or monks cress, is a species of flowering plant in the family Tropaeolaceae, originating in the Andes from Bolivia north to Colombia. An easily-grown annual or short-lived pere ...

'' (†) L. * ''

Ulex europaeus ''Ulex europaeus'', the gorse, common gorse, furze or whin, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to the British Isles and Western Europe. Description Growing to tall, it is an evergreen shrub. The young stems are g ...

'' (†) (''M'') L. * ''

Ulex minor ''Ulex minor'', the dwarf furze or dwarf gorse is an evergreen dwarf shrub in the family Fabaceae, native to eastern England, France, Spain and Portugal. It is restricted to lowland heathland habitats. It normally grows about tall, although in ...

'' (†) (''M'') Roth * ''

Verbena bonariensis :''This is about the ''Verbena bonariensis'' described by Linnaeus. See also below for a common misapplication of this taxon.'' ''Verbena bonariensis'', the purpletop vervain, clustertop vervain, Argentinian vervain, tall verbena or pretty verbe ...

'' (†) (''M'') L. * '' Verbena rigida'' (†) (''M'') Spreng. * ''

Vinca major ''Vinca major'', with the common names bigleaf periwinkle, large periwinkle, greater periwinkle and blue periwinkle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, native to the western Mediterranean. Growing to tall and spreading i ...

'' (†) (''M'') L. * ''

Zantedeschia aethiopica ''Zantedeschia aethiopica'', commonly known as calla lily and arum lily, is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae, native to southern Africa in Lesotho, South Africa, and Eswatini. Description ''Zantedeschia aethiopica'' is a rhizo ...

'' (†) (''M'') (L.) Spreng.

References

External links

Exotic Birds that Nest in Portugal Continental

Invasive Plant Species in Portugal Continental

Naturdata list of invasive species in Portugal

Invasive Plants in Portugal (ABAE)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Invasive species in Portugal

Lists of biota of Portugal